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Pituitary Tumors â Symptoms of Pituitary Tumors

2008-05-19T15:00:00.000-07:00

A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the pituitary gland. Most pituitary tumors are benign, which means they are non-cancerous, grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body, however they can make the pituitary gland produce too many hormones, which can cause problems in the body. Tumors that make hormones are called functioning tumors, and they can cause a wide array of symptoms depending upon the hormone affected. Tumors that don’t make hormones are called non-functioning tumors.

Their symptoms are directly related to their growth in size and include headaches, vision problems, nausea, and vomiting. Diseases related to hormone abnormalities include Cushing’s disease, in which fat builds up in the face, back and chest, and the arms and legs become very thin; and acromegaly, a condition in which the hands, feet, and face are larger than normal.

Most pituitary tumors are noncancerous (benign), nonspreading growths (adenomas). Adenomas remain confined to the pituitary gland or surrounding tissues and don't spread to other parts of your body. The pituitary gland is a small bean-shaped gland located at the base of your brain, somewhat behind your nose and between your ears. Despite its size, the gland influences nearly every part of your body. Its hormones help regulate important functions, such as growth, blood pressure and reproduction.

The main types of pituitary tumors are adenomas (non-cancerous) and carcinomas (cancerous). Other types of pituitary tumors include microadenomas and macroadenomas. Pituitary tumors are categorized even further based on whether or not they produce hormones and what kinds of hormones are produced. Examples of these forms of pituitary tumors include prolactin-producing tumors (prolactinomas), ACTH-producing tumors, and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Symptoms of Pituitary Tumors

Tumors that secrete hormones tend to be smaller than the pituitary gland when they're diagnosed. In fact, most pituitary tumors are microadenomas that measure 3 to 9 millimeters in diameter. Less common tumors are macroadenomas that are 10 millimeters or larger in diameter.

Pituitary tumors that produce hormones are called functioning tumors. Tumors that don't produce hormones are known as nonfunctioning pituitary tumors.

A large tumor can grow upwards out of the sella turcica and compress the optic nerves (optic chiasm). Frequently, this leads to a specific form of “tunnel vision” called bitemporal hemianopsia.

Pituitary disorders resemble other endocrine disorders and have a broad range of symptoms. Symptoms depend on the type and location of the tumor and cause hormone excess, hormone deficiency, or pressure on the brain and central nervous system.

Rare tumors lead to secretion of excess thyroid, producing tremors, weight loss, diarrhea, and a sense of constantly feeling hot. Cushing's syndrome occurs when there is excess adrenal secretion resulting in weight redistribution from the arms and legs to the trunk, thinning of the skin, rounding of the face (chipmunk facial appearance), fatigue, and hair thinning. When the back portion of the pituitary gland is affected the patient may notice excessive thirst and urination.

Pituitary tumor symptoms vary, depending on the size and location of the tumor. If the tumor grows large and presses on nearby parts of the brain, pituitary tumor symptoms, such as headaches or dizziness, can occur. A pituitary tumor can also press on the optic nerve, causing problems with vision.

In women, prolactinoma may cause irregular menstrual periods (oligomenorrhea), lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and milky discharge from the breasts (galactorrhea).In men, a prolactin-producing tumor may cause male hypogonadism, which may involve signs and symptoms such as enlarged breasts (gynecomastia), erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence, infertility, decrease in body hair, and loss of interest in sexual activity.

Read Natural Home Remedies Herbal Remedy. Also Read about Tribulus Terrestris for Weak Erection and Breast Enhancement Natural Breast Enlargement

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Rushmore Casino Reviews

2008-05-12T14:39:00.000-07:00

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OEM Software - Is Cheap OEM Software Legal?

2008-05-11T23:29:00.000-07:00

Specialists in the IT sphere as well as other people are always potential

clients of any software manufacturer. Engineers, accountants, architects,

designers, programmers, people who start home-business and other specialists in

any sphere today use a computer. But the hardware is not enough in order to work

on a PC or Mac. People need software but only a minority can afford buying full

versions together with necessary plugins and add-ons. Great if you work in a

corporation on in a firm where "everything [software tools] is already

installed". But where is an exit from the situation when you have to buy, say,

Windows XP or Mac OS, Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop and other? Away with

questions – let's look through possible variants of solving this issue:

1) Buy any software you need directly from a manufacturer;

2) use trial versions of a brand-name company software limited in functionality;

3) try to find a similar software tool at a less famous manufacturer;

4) download pirated software from "underground" hacker-sites (illegal);

5) download cheap oem software
from manufacturers' affiliates or third-party

suppliers.

The first option requires a "fat purse" of a client. Ideally in order to operate

a PC or Mac, to make presentations, write and send letters, watch films, burn

data CD's, listen to music and so on you need to spend thousands of dollars even

if you limit yourself in your desires as well as the functions of your computer.

A license even for your operating system costs more than 500$. Are you able to

afford this? Yes? Then go on and enjoy fully functional brand-name software,

receive free periodical updates, get a discount for a later version and receive

technical and software support.

Trial versions of software from the great manufacturers like Adobe, Microsoft,

Corel and other are available for download free of charge. Though you get a

limited functionality and a trial period of working (from 15 till 60 days from

the 1st launch), you may then decide whether you really need these programs or

not. Trial software is demo programs – no great difference.

The third option is also a possible variant if you say "No" to the first two.

Some software tools have open sources and any firm can make their own "brand"

and money by a transformation of it. Such software is cheaper than from "the

giants" of software development. But the functions are few and the new versions

of software come out very rare.

It's not a secret to anyone anymore that in the Internet you can find

everything… This applies even to high cost brand software - you can get it for

free! together with viruses, trojans and other harmful programs. Moreover, this

is illegal and be ready then to dreadful consequences.

Consider one more option – OEM software. First of all, what is "oem software"?

OEM means Original Equipment Manufacturer . In general it is 100% fully

functional software. But it lacks manuals, promo-discs and bulk-boxes. Consider

if you really need them. It may lack live support as well as registration from a

manufacturer because the license for this software has "already expired of

wasn't intended for second-hand buyers". So, you may conclude that firms that

sell oem software get it from other sources, not directly from a manufacturer.

But where does it come from? Well, for instance, oem software comes from

auctions, from special resellers of older versions of software, from other users

who do not need this software anymore. That is why it is so cheap software. Sometimes the

price for oem software is no more than 5-10% of a nominal manufacturer's price.

And at the same time you may be sure that it is really LEGAL though you can't

marvelous.

Many software vendors offer original equipment manufacturer (OEM) versions at very low prices, and it's not surprising that
a lot of active computer users buy them. But are they really legal? The answer is a yes and a no. Read on to find out more.

Technically speaking, you can only get OEM software with a specified accompanying hardware. So when these OEM programs are
copied and then sold separately from the hardware, there is a violation. Unless the license specifically states that the OEM
software is free and can be copied and distributed, then transactions involving the sale and/or trade of OEM software are illegal.

The only reason that OEM software is still rampantly sold in the market is that manufacturers have never really actively reprimanded the
vendors for illegally distributing them. The key is to be a wise consumer – know that when you buy counterfeit OEM-labeled software, you
will not be entitled to technical support, service packs, upgrades or patches. Weigh the consequences against the benefits and decide accordingly.

You can still legally purchase discount OEM software, provided that the software is licensed to OEMs for bundling.
Legally reproduced OEM software can be bought from hardware manufacturers themselves or from their licensed distributors. They should
come with user manuals, original retail packaging, and technical support from the hardware provider themselves.

If you are not
sure of the OEM software you want to buy is a legal copy, try visiting OEM forums. Ask people who have used OEM software what they
think of the one you want to purchase. It is a good idea to sign up with these online communities so you can get first-hand,
consumer-to-consumer opinion and support. There are also OEM assistance sites that can try to check the legitimacy of any OEM
software for consumers like you. Do not hesitate to contact them when you're in doubt.

Many people sometimes do not believe in legal oem software and they have grounds

for it: some web-sites that are selling software products name them oem but in

reality they are selling pirated non-working software or trial versions that you

may get for free. Beware of such firms!

Nowadays the IT sphere is practically the most rapidly developing industry and the number of

different software products proliferates with every minute.

There are lots of companies producing various kinds of software for various operational systems.

So it is highly preferable to choose accurately and to acquire all the necessary programs for your personal computer for its wholly satisfactory and steady work.

Sometimes you can download a freely distributed program, and it's not quite rare, but there will surely be a terrible mess in your OS
if you would only use such free products.

The reason is that to make your system stable and always working properly you need original software officially distributed by
its manufacturer because they guarantee its legality and compatibility with certain other software and OSes.

You can purchase it on CDs but there is a more convenient way.

It must be said that buying original software is quite expensive and few people can afford it.

But do you really need all those beautifully printed manuals and boxes they offer you?

Why spend much money on something unnecessary? You need software, don't you?

So leave those expensive decorations and trifles out - you can just buy what you need without extra expenses.

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) software is just what you need. But what does it mean? OEM software is cheap 100% functional
brand-name software.

It is available for downloading on a number of sites at a much lower price which is radically reduced by up to 85% of the nominal
retail price due to the absence of manuals, bulk-boxes and promo-disks you'll never really need.

Though you won't be able to register it and get updates, it is still legal and fully functional software at a most affordable price.

Famous Speeches

2008-04-30T15:00:00.000-07:00

Lights off, spotlight on you, a hundred eyes popping in your face and you have to deliver a speech. Possible? For famous people like presidents, prime ministers, spokespersons, media channel anchors very possible. But for local people who have never stepped on to a stage knees start to crumble and the voice chords seem to go on a strike.

The same is not with personalities that can talk at hours on length to hundreds and thousands of people staring at them. In fact they can deliver the speech so well that it shakes the ground beneath your feet. They hook you on to every word they speak and quivers can run down your spine when they say something true to your very being.

Speakers are present in every generation. History records Queen Elizabeth for all her defining speeches to her soldiers and subjects that led her to be the most powerful country in the world. This is what she said when she addressed the English army at Tilbury Fort – 1588 when Spanish invasion was imminent.

“Let tyrants fear; I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good will of my subjects. And therefore I am come amongst you at this time, not as for my recreation or sport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live or die amongst you all; to lay down, for my God, and for my kingdom, and for my people, my honour and my blood, even the dust.

I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too; and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realms: to which, rather than any dishonour should grow by me, I myself will take up arms; I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.”

America has always had great speakers as presidents like John F. Kennedy. Here is an extract from one of his speeches, “My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.”

John F. Kennedy’s words have been immortalized with his famous line, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Which is still used to date in many variations. A powerful statement like that always makes the onlooker think for himself.

Even India has had stupendous speakers like P. Nehru, Indiara Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi and more. Gandhi is known to move not only a nation but the entire world with his philosophy. Here is an extract from his quit India speech, “I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours. I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution. But it is my conviction that in as much as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence they failed to realize the democratic ideal. In the democracy which I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master. It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today. Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.”

If you wish to know the quotes by famous people or learn some funny sayings or graduation sayings visit our website.

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Beware of the Scam Artist?

2008-04-24T15:00:00.000-07:00

What is a scam artist? I thought long and hard before writing this article as not to offend anyone. Nobody would ever be complimented by being called a scam artist. A scam artist is one who takes your money for product or service and never delivers anything to you. They run off with your money to never be heard of or found again. I have found very few people in the world who are scam artists like that.

It has been my experience that there are similar traits in a lot people on the internet and I’ll let you be the judge weather or not you call these people scam artists. I usually find that program jumpers have similar traits and characteristics to the scam artists or maybe more resembling a swarm of Locusts. These people are usually people who jump from program to program, every new program out there on the internet. If a new program comes out, they jump in it, take all you suckers out there with them until they have sucked you dry and then move on to the next program.

Here is an article I found at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574486/Locust_(insect).html Let’s see if this resembles any of the so called "Internet Guru’s". Locust (insect), common name applied to a number of jumping insects and especially to the true locusts, which are migratory grasshoppers (see Grasshopper). The true locusts cause great damage to crops wherever they swarm. Control measures include the spreading of poison bait and the plowing under of locust eggs. Infestations threatening large regions of the United States are combated with insecticides sprayed by planes and truck-mounted mist blowers provided by joint federal-state programs.

Aside from the true locusts, the periodical cicada (see Cicada) is another important insect to which the name locust is applied. Grouse, or pygmy, locusts are small, jumping insects that are of little economic importance. Most species are dark brown and are less than 2.5 cm (less than 1 in) in length.

Now, does this sound familiar out there on the internet? I would love to warn you about these people by name, but would never do that. I will however, give you things to watch out for and let you be the judge.

If a person has joined 3 or more programs in one year, they are probably program jumpers, which as we see above, have similar traits to the locusts and do more harm than good. These people are simply out to take your money. No wonder they are making so much money. They have perfected the locust style of business.

If you have any question, please contact me.

Merryann Kjaer

http://www.easypay4life.com

hopebizzhome50@yahoo.dk

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Social Networking â Online Only is not Enough

2008-03-27T16:00:00.002-07:00

I seem to have so much less time than I once did. Commitments at work and other commitments to family, sport and hobbies leaves little time to meet new people and make friends? Is there a better way these days?

Join a friend network online.

Friend networks are a sub-set of social networks but with an emphasis on making friends and meeting people. There are several social networking sites with Global focus but I am interested only in a friend network that is local. This could be local to my country – too wide, local to my sate – still too wide or perhaps to my community. Now that’s what I am after; a friend network within my immediate community. I can explain the reasons…

If you are like me then you don’t just want to make friends online. I want to use the online community to find friends and to communicate with them regularly. I also want to extend my friendships beyond just online. Although the internet has changed so much in recent years and has become much more sophisticated in meeting the needs of social networking users, there is no substitute for in-person contact.

Human relationships are personal. I want to extend my online relationships to the real world. Ideally, I can meet up with people I meet and get to know online and when appropriate to invite one or maybe more of them to meet with me for coffee or some other activity. So it makes sense for me to find a friend network that is local because I don’t want to travel across the country to meet.

So what functionality am I looking for in a friend network or social networking site? The most important capabilities include such things as blogs, a photo gallery, smiles pack, speed dating, search facility, cupid mail, matchmaking, guestbook, ability to limit access to my profile to only my friends etc. I am also keen to enjoy communication channels such as chat, audio/video instant messaging, a whiteboard, a music player and video player. Where can I find such a network in Australia? Well I have found one that might work for me - Linkau.

Once you register, you can select the communities that you with to belong to. If you choose to belong to a national community, you can. If you want to belong to a smaller community such as your town or city, you can. At the moment, there is just one downside – not many people have subscribed yet.

The Linkau network is still new to Australia so there are not yet many subscribers. It supports the concept of community networks and has all the facilities I need. However, I think this will change. I really hope it does and that is part of the reason for writing this article. I would like to encourage more people to join the friend network because if they do then Linkau will take off and I will be much more likely to meet people and mane friends in my local community.

The Online Friend Network is a great place to get started and to make friends online with people of similar interests. If you are anything like me then you want a facility that saves you time, is local to your community and enables you to develop friendships that extend beyond just online.

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Social Networking â Online Only is not Enough

2008-03-27T16:00:00.001-07:00

Social Networking â Online Only is not Enough

2008-03-27T16:00:00.000-07:00

Beautiful Tips for Makeup Removal

2008-03-26T16:00:00.001-07:00

Make up removers are very important for the skin to keep it clean and away from the after affects of the make up. If make up isn't removed after the use then it enters into the pores and the chemicals in the make up can damage the skin. So one should always make it a point to remove the make up from the skin while going to bed and let the skin breathe.

Facial make up as foundation and lipsticks can be easily removed with water based make up cleansers but eye make up as liners, kohl and mascara needs something extra. They require more of oil in the remover solution to remove the stubborn eye make up.

Eye makeup remover will make washing the products off your face at the end of the day a hassle-free experience. If you are in the habit of using soap, you may find that not only is soap drying, it also usually requires scrubbing and multiple washes, which can irritate the skin.

Baby shampoo is an excellent way to remove mascara that is resistant to other kinds of removers. Waterproof mascara can be one of the most difficult mascaras to remove as it is designed for staying power and a little bit of baby shampoo applied to a cotton ball or your finger tips should do the tricky nicely. Baby shampoos contain lower concentrations and softer detergents than other shampoos which makes them less irritating to the eye area. Baby shampoo can also be used to remove makeup on the face but use a very small amount as too much can be drying to the skin.

Best alternativefor oily and all sin types:if you don't wana use any oil on your face for removing make up,best way is to dip cotton balls in raw milk and just wipe your face with it. It is the cheapest way of removing makeup.

Mineral oil is best for remoing make up.it is even cheaper than baby oil.since,babay oil is nothing more than mineral oil with fragrence and both give same results.

Always use a mild makeup remover. Nothing harsh or drying to the skin- and never use makeup remover that is specifically for your eyes on other parts of your face. This is particularly important if you suffer from oily skin as this can lead to break outs. Pay attention to what the label says as it specifies these things for a reason!

To remove makeup naturally without clogging pores and moisturize skin at the same time, use unrefined pure oils like jojoba, wheat germ or rose hip oil. Massage it directly into your skin or wipe skin with a cotton pad saturated with the oil. Finish by gently wiping skin with a steamy, damp cloth.

Using a dry towel or absorbent pad press on the stain to draw moisture and stain particles out of the surface area. Continue this pattern using an alternating combination of saturation and pressure until the stain is removed. If the stain still remains you may want to try flushing the area with water and adding a few drops of ammonia. This will further help to draw out the stain. Cover it with a towel or absorbent pad and allow it to absorb the stain.

Read about Natural Herbal Home Remedies and

Pregnancy Information Guide. Also read about
href="http://www.dentalcare.ayurvediccure.com/">Dental and Tooth Care Guide

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How to Take Care of Your Feet

2008-03-26T16:00:00.000-07:00

Keep knees smooth by rubbing them occasionally wit. Fresh lime juice or massage with a nourishing cream. The winter itch that cracks the skin of the heels due to excessive dryness or the use of an alkaline soap can be treated by washing the feet at night in warm water and mild soap and applying a lanolin rich cream or mixture of glycerine and rose water.

If walking barefoot for a while makes no difference, see a podiatrist about getting custom-made shoe inserts, or try some shoes with extra padding. Another common sort of pain is felt in the heel, usually when you put weight on the foot after sitting or lying down. This is probably the plantar fasciatis - a ribbon of ligament running from your down your heel to the ball of your foot. If it's too tight, you'll experience pain. Apply ice to the area, followed by an anti-inflammatory and try the tip outlined the thing with the mini-bar bottle.

Wash your feet daily. Rinse off all soap and dry thoroughly, especially between toes. Trim nails straight across, and not too short. Don't cut out or dig at corners.

Inspect your feet regularly. Pay attention to changes in color and temperature of your feet. Look for thick or discolored nails (a sign of developing fungus), and check for cracks or cuts in the skin. Peeling or scaling on the soles of feet could indicate athlete's foot. Any growth on the foot is not considered normal.

For daily use, wear shoes of adequate width, comfortable instep and plenty of wiggle room for toes. Reserve high heels and tight shoes for short-term wear. Heel tight should generally be restricted to no more than 2 ½ inches and the heel should be broad enough to support the wearer's weight.

Soak feet for 10 minutes in warm water to which salt has been added. Remove and scrub dry, especially between the toes. This is the easiest way to relax tired feet. In the case of a sprain add Epsom salt to the water for best results.

Protect your feet from extremes in temperature. Keep bath water temperate in the 85-90 F degree range (30-32 C). If neuropathy is present, you may not be able to feel if the water is too hot, and burns could result. Never use heating pads or hot water bottles. Protect your feet from temperatures that are too cold, as well. Prolonged cold can decrease circulation even more.

It's so important to practice preventative care like the tips listed here, every day. If you notice anything that does not look normal please follow up with your healthcare professional immediately. Also, for ultimate foot health, make sure that your healthcare professional assesses your feet at every routine visit.

During the fitting process, make sure there is enough space (3/8" to 1/2") for your longest toe at the end of each shoe when you are standing up.

To get rid of knee darkness, apply a mixture of cucumber juice and lemon juice (in equal proportion) with the help of cotton wool and wash off after 30 mts. Repeat daily for a few days.

Clean nails of cream and apply base coat, colour and top coat, letting each coat dry thoroughly. It rriiy help to place something like pieces of cotton wool or a towel in between the toes so that the polish is not smudged while drying.

Read about Natural Herbal Home Remedies and

Pregnancy Information Guide. Also read about
href="http://www.dentalcare.ayurvediccure.com/">Dental and Tooth Care Guide

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Healthy Shiny Skin Tips

2008-03-10T16:00:00.002-07:00

Drink Water: Water is the basic requirement in the human’s life. Water is natural way to treat any problem of skin, as it contains alkaline with pH 7.3. It is useful to avoid dehydration, which is able of making oil or sebum from the sebaceous glands. The skin requires water so as to it works properly. Nutritionists and health care provider recommend that an individual should take 8 to 10 glasses of water daily.

Nutrition: plays a vital role in skin health too. Specific foods such as those acidic foods and dairy products are said to be effective in causing an allergic reaction in some people. Also, one of the widely debated topics in the area of nutrition today is chocolates. Some say that chocolate does affect the condition of the skin, while others say it doesn’t.

Baths and showers should be taken in warm, in place of of hot, water, and should be kept as short as possible.

Sleeping a lot and eating healthy and eat a lot of fruits, vegetables and drink the juices regularly. Apply on your face honey scrub and face pack. Exercise regularly in the morning and drink a lot of water 9 to 10 glasses regularly.

Consider the diet: Nutrition plays an important role in making the skin shiny and healthy. Certain foods like dairy products and acidic foods are effective in developing allergic reaction in several persons. Now, chocolates are the largest debated topics in the field of nutrition. A few numbers of people state that chocolate does not influence the skin condition, however others state it does. No matter what the outcome may be, the best suggestion is to take a nutritious and well balanced diet. It contains fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits to make healthy skin.

Vitamin A: helps the skin to fight infection from inside. It is miracle for skin affected from Acne. It can be obtained in Broccoli and Carrots. But avoid taking too much of it as it can be toxic for your body as well.

Hygiene is also an important aspect of preventing acne in oily skin types. Washing your skin at least twice a day is a must to get rid of the dirt and the excess oil that clog your pores and cause zits to appear. In choosing a facial wash, it is better to use products that will not increase your skin’s oil production. Water-based or oil-free facial washes should be used, or soaps with a balanced pH, followed by astringent to get the deep-cleansing effect.

Use products that catch the light, to enhance your features that have texture, and offer brilliance in color. Shimmer, gloss and silvery finishes work great for the eyes and lips; fine subtle but luminous texture give an ethereal look to your cheekbones and temples. Add brushes of soft but sparkling shades for effect. Using sheer electric colors on the eyes and lips. Here's how you can translate the luminosity look into day and night wear

Hair is not a living part of your body. However, your hair still needs proper care for optimum health and beauty. One of the key elements to having shiny, healthy hair is to allow the natural oils in the scalp to lubricate it. The hair closest to the scalp benefits from natural sebum oils the most while longer hair can become dry and brittle from a lack of these oils.

Use a good moisturizer. Moisturizing your skin can help plump the skin cells. Also make sure your moisturizer contains no mineral oil which tends to cause breakouts.

Read about Home Remedies and Breast Enlargement Enhancement. Also read about Latest Beauty and Makeup Tips

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2008-03-10T16:00:00.001-07:00

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2008-03-10T16:00:00.000-07:00

Will Kenya ever socially reintegrate?

2008-02-24T15:00:00.001-08:00

The dust that was raised during the post election violence that rocked the country has finally begun to settle and Kenyans are beginning to get into to their normal lives. Here in Nairobi, despite the impact that the violence has had on our business. People have resumed work and those who have lost their jobs or were displaced are starting off in new areas of business and income generating activities. In other parts of the country, some are becoming used to their new found way of life which is mostly in internally displaced camps or their ancestral homes.

Most people have deliberated on ways in which the current political problems can be solved. And much process has been made on that front, that now the fighting that had spread into Nairobi’s suburbs has stopped. Despite this, we have a divided populace. A People who mingle in the towns but back in the estates they don’t share even a cup of water. In areas like Dandora and Kibera and Mathare we now have tribal zones, regions that if by mistake you visit and you are from the wrong tribe, you might find a new home in the morgue. Welcome to the new unspoken reality, the invisible iron wall that lies deep in our hearts and divides us into a tribal state. The government pretends that things are back to normal and has made calls for the displaced persons to go back to their homes. One wonders if those evicted from their homes especially in the North Rift of Kenya will ever trust the native people especially if after living peacefully together for over forty years, they awake one morning fleeing for their lives as their next door neighbor, one with whom they have shared tea and raised their children together, hacks their children and burns their homes. So much is the mistrust in the country that in the ensuing counter evictions in central province and parts of Nakuru and Naivasha, the evicted are just crying for one thing- Take us back home from where we came from! The big question is, in such a scenario will those evicted persons ever go back especially where the pain runs so deep and death and destruction lingers in their memories? Will a Kenyan from say Western or Nyanza ever visit, invest and live in say Central Kenya knowing very well that there is a possibility of after 20 years their very good neighbor may turn on them destroying every trace of their existence? Will Kenya ever reintegrate again?

Welcome to a new field of study as a social scientist, anthropologist or someone interested in social studies. The Kenyan situation creates a unique scenario. Here is a country on its way to self destruction, a country that is steps away from going the Yugoslavian or Rwandan way. The job of the social expert is to stop the trend and change the path. The politicians will not solve the problem. They are looking at their own selfish interests of power first and keeping the social problem hot since it has been used as a bargain chip in the current Annan led peace negotiations. It is doubtful that once a settlement on political power sharing has been reached, they will even bother to institute social policy changes that will start the healing process. It is now up to us ordinary Kenyans led by social experts to reintegrate socially and think of the best way to convince and ensure that people return back to their former places of work and homes. We need to live in a Kenya where anyone can live and work in any part of the country. We need a Kenya where the basic human right of the freedom of association is upheld not by law but by the people if the country is to stay as one unified country. Building police stations may work for a while but true social reintegration can only come from the people themselves. The question is how?

One idea is using sport as a tool of social reintegration Looking back at history, after the world wars, the world leaders at the time committed themselves to hold world events of sport that would bring representatives from all the regions of the world to participate in one peaceful event together. They resolved to strengthen the Olympics as an amateur event where the rules of fair play dominated the event. No performance enhancement drugs or other techniques that would give undue advantage over the opponents were to be used and ever since then it has made history over and over again; During the cold war era, despite the hostilities that the Americans and the Russians had with each other, they would meet every four years to complete together in a fun filled event that endeavored to celebrate the human achievement, Iraq and the U.S once played soccer together during the world cup despite the fact that Saddam and Bush were sending war threats to each other finally George Weah sponsored his Liberian team during the conflict in his home land. The joy and unifying effect the above mentioned events had in history were so powerful that they brought home to the world the strongest message of peaceful co- existence even in times of conflict. I think this is one perfect way of reintegrating evicted communities back into their pre-election homes. Sports can be used as part of a series of events that will ensure that Kenyans can peacefully co-exist. Members from the re-invited community can play against the host community with the final games comprising of mixed teams. The event can bring together local leaders especially the elders of the host community in which they can officially re invite the new communities and make a declaration to live together. They can also resolve to hold meetings with the elders to resolve any conflict that may arise between them and form a committee that will called upon to resolve any future conflicts. To avoid discrimination by predominant tribe in the area to the new comers, the minority tribes in those areas should be given a public face and image as much as possible. A good example of this is the United States Of America. Today, we have an American of African Origin and more proudly, a Kenyan seeking to be the president of the country. What that has done in the American society is that it has brought about acceptance on that particular community in to the American populace. In Kenya we can let minority groups stand for elected public offices like that of a councilor or an member of parliament(M.P) in areas where they are the minority. This will bring into public debate all existing prejudices and thus create a public forum in which all those prejudices will be discussed, realized to be immaterial and thus collapse. So far this has not worked on a national level because we have no open forums where we can discuss such issues. Since at the village level it will be easier to organize such meetings through the inter tribal committees formed during the sports event, it might just be possible to eliminate those prejudices leading to peaceful co-existence. It would be very pleasing to see that the M.P for say gatundu being a Maasai, or Luo or Kamba or any other tribe for that matter. This is one idea that has many assumptions to bring about social reintegration in Kenya. In fact, I would love to hear a critic of the idea and other suggestions on how to bring about social reintegration.

for your ideas you can write to twawezakenya@gmail.com

magu nguru

twawezakenya.com

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2008-02-24T15:00:00.000-08:00

A Call for Reason in Our Country Kenya

2008-02-11T15:00:00.002-08:00

Introduction

This is an open letter, sent to individuals of Kenya as a call for reason in relation to the current happenings in our country.

First and foremost I must confess some things that might cause some of you not to proceed with this letter. But I hope that you shall overcome your prejudices and kindly beg that you may read through up to the end even though you may encounter sections in the letter that you may not entirely agree with. It is my hope that just as nationally Raila and Kibaki have agreed to dialogue, we to as citizens will engage in a debate that will draw useful conclusions that will end all this madness and chart a way forward to bring justice, peace and reconciliation.

My Confessions

The first confession: I am Kikuyu.

For some of you, this means enemy but I must state that just as other Kenyans are shocked by all that has happening, I too am just as shocked. To clarify my stand, I have been pro opposition on the basic fact there are a number of constitutional changes that need to be put in place for this country too function well and to avoid dictatorships in the future. The most important of the constitutional changes is the reduction of the powers of the president and a constitution that allows for the independence of the judiciary, legislature and the civil service from the executive. I have vowed to be opposition until I see those changes taking place because only then can we have a secure future. I am also anti current seating M.P until I see politicians focusing on issues and not on personalities. If it will take me all my life to vote out M.Ps until I see political maturity then I will do so. I dream of a Kenya where when it will come to electioneering time, I will choose the politician on things like attractiveness and eloquence because everything else will be functioning well. Sounds like a contradiction, but to explain what I mean, As a voter, staying in Karen I choose Raila as M.P because of his ability to expose issues and for his strong character in parliament and not because he will bring water, roads etc to my neighborhood. Those things are already there in Karen and we, Karen residents, operate independently of our M.P. More so we understand that that task lies with the city council and when it fails, we repair roads for ourselves. Why? Because the government (the civil service) has created an enabling environment for us to do business from which we earn from and therefore out of the profits we can dig a borehole- if there is no water from the council. I therefore dream of a Kenya without politics as the engine to life. I dream of a Kenya where people have enough wealth so as to make the role of politics almost irrelevant. The only way to achieve that is to vote opposition until politics becomes issue based and all systems are put in place to ensure government (the civil service) runs independent of the executive. This will allow unbiased and prompt service delivery to enable me run my activities without interference for prosperity. So as I speak am in the opposition of the current government and even if Raila today were president, I would be in the opposition and vote him out if he failed to bring the changes I have mentioned above and would immediately after elections be in the opposition of the new president until genuine change takes place.

The second confession: In this election I did not vote

I guess this second statement will make you close this email since I have no basis to comment on politics but again, I kindly ask that you may read on to the end of this letter. It is not a waste of time just read on. I did not vote for two reasons.

1. The nature of politics that was portrayed before the elections.

We had three strong candidates: President Kibaki, who had an excellent economic score card but a questionable reputation on graft and democracy in reference to the constitutional debate, Raila, who had an excellent track record on democratic reforms but a questionable legacy on his quest for power and on his ability to bring about wealth creation, finally Kalonzo, who seemed to have everything sound on paper in terms of policy, economic prosperity and political reforms but lacked the political clout that made it doubtful that he would be able to implement his policies. As they campaigned, I being pro opposition (for the reasons stated above) continued to support Raila for presidency while keeping a watchful tab on Kalonzo’s political strategies. I changed my stand to support Raila when he mentioned the word majimbo or utaguzi because Kenya is to fragile to adopt such a system. When he refused to reveal the contents of the M.O.U signed with the Muslims, I became a bit apprehensive until things became clear. I was also not going to vote for Kibaki because I was pro opposition in principle and voting for him would be considered a tribal vote to which am totally against. My last option was Kalonzo with whom I had no issues with. The only problem was I stupidly reasoned that my vote for him would be a drop in the ocean. Also for me to vote meant I would not be on duty (work) the next day and I considered the fact that while I was to jeopardize my future voting for the person I wanted. They, the politician would earn Ksh 800,000 monthly for my sacrifice (strangely despite the political violence they again agreed to open parliament and appoint the speaker and be put on the pay roll). I choose to look for my food as well.

2. The stronger reason on why I did not vote was the fact that I was unable to get any of the respective party manifestos so as to critically evaluate the right party to vote for based on an objective evaluation of the personalities and party policies. I had decided prior to the elections to draw a list of factors that I would use to determine my presidential candidate. On my list I was to evaluate the candidates and party policies on education, health, environment, infrastructure, economics etc. against their personal attributes like experience, track record, believability, capacity of team members to implement policy, practicability etc. to determine the most credible candidate. When I was not able to obtain the documents, I personally felt that my vote for any one of the candidates will be based on my personal feelings and opinions of others and thus will not be objective in my voting. By this time the voting had now became pro kikuyu and anti kikuyu and thus I choose to abstain for there was going to be no way I was to participate in such an election. I think as a honest Kenyan it was going to be wrong to participate in an election in which tribal chieftains formed voting blocks and rallied support on tribal lines without any respect for policy and issues. It was very sad to see that not even one real political party participated in the election and thus it was very hard to establish the parties’ ideologies and manifestos. They had all been reduced to tribal alliance parties with the tribal blocks as the main determinant for political positions within the party structures.

A summary of the current events

So off I went on assignment to Kilifi and watched the proceedings of the election results. If fact is to be told then I will state it. As some media stations presented the results, Raila Odinga seemed to be on the lead and well on his way to become Kenya’s next president. The thought that the opposition had triumphed for me was a good thing even though I did not expressly support Odinga because of reasons stated above. I soon started to text my friends who were extremist P.N.U supporters to start to accept the reality of Odinga as president. I even called one friend who I once told that in 1992 I had predicted that Kibaki will be president of Kenya and in 2001Raila would be president of Kenya. He responded that he had started to accept the reality though he was sad. I then continued to watch the elections keenly because I knew (and had stated to my friends) that the final tally would have a gap of only 200,000. when I saw ODM lead in Rift Valley, then in Western, then in South Nyanza and finally Coast, I knew that it was Raila that was going to win with a minimum gap of 200,000 votes (it was now likely to be a gap of even 400,000 votes because the strategy that PNU had intended to use was to get the whole G.E.M.A vote on one side plus one other significant region of the country to win the election. It was now evident that the one other region was not existent) the events that followed shocked my eyes and ears since all over a sudden Kibaki narrowed a lead of 1 million votes with less than 15 constituencies with 11 more remaining ( I don’t depute the fact that these constituencies were each expected to bring 80,000 plus votes, all that shocked me was that they could reduce a 1 million plus lead to 30,000) something fishy was going on especially with all the delays in the announcement of presidential results, disputes on some parliamentary results among other things. The most shocking event was the manner in which Kivitu announced the final results and the swearing in of Kibaki as president of Kenya. I know that the military were ready at Uhuru park to pledge allegiance to the new president. I cannot simply just understand why if Kibaki won the elections fair and square, why no dignitary attended the occasion, why there were no women groups singing and all the other pomp and parade that usually graces such occasions. Finally why there was a huge presence of GSU personnel in the major towns. I guess we might have to wait for 30 yrs to know the truth on this matter. All I know is ever since there has been no peace and constantly ask if things would be the way they are if the election process was allowed to finish its course without interference.

Today all we hear of evictions, death and outright tribalism. The Majimbo that I feared before the elections is now taking place in the country with the Kikuyu and other tribes being told to go back to their homes. Now this is my main concern…… the ethnic cleansing.

You could say that I am concerned because I am Kikuyu but what makes you think that in the future it will not be the Luo, or Luhya, or Kalejin, or Giriama, or Kamba, or Kisii or any other tribe to be treated in the same manner. Just as Mordecai told Esther in the bible “do not think that because you are in the King’s house you alone of all the Jews will escape.” (Esther 4:13) I tell you to do think that just because you are another tribe or someone rich living in Nairobi, you are not affected. We are all Kenyans and all the death around us could happen to any one of us. Just because it is not your tribes mate affected or family member does not mean you turn a blind eye. What’s happening is wrong and cannot be justified anywhere. For the record I must state that all international donors and other media sources have stated that there were irregularities in the elections, but that does not mean you kill me as your neighbor who we have shared with tea, salt, meals just because am kikuyu and probably voted for Kibaki. I do not see the relationship between my freedom to choose the person I want in elections which is a human right and according to ODM, the so called rigging of the presidential vote and swearing in of Kibaki as president. Are Kenyans trying to say it was wrong to vote Kibaki as my preferred presidential candidate or because I voted then, I helped Kibaki appoint himself as president? What’s the relationship?

Truth be told in a democratic society everyone has a right to their own opinion. If I chose to vote for a party, person etc even a frog for that matter (or not to vote as I did) I have the freedom to make that choice and its my constitutional right. You have no permission to punish me for my views and doing so is one of the first signs of a dictatorship. Secondly, you have no right to take my life, property or anything else on the basis of my beliefs or persuasion. This is called intolerance and it is wrong. Killing me is actually a violation of another human right which is the right to life. This is basically to say that the current ethnic cleansing going on in Naivasha, Nakuru, Eldoret, Kisumu, Mombasa by both ODM and PNU Supporters can be in no way justified as a acceptable response to the ‘irregular’ election results. It is a very sad reaction and for the rest of all Kenyans including people like me who would want to uphold democracy to see all that is happening. So sad that, it was impossible for me to join the peaceful demonstrations been organized by ODM concerning the flawed election process because in doing so I would get myself killed. It is very wrong to pre suppose that because I may have voted for Kibaki in elections, I support the manner in which he was sworn in as president. It is also very wrong to think because Kibaki is Kikuyu then all Kikuyus support Kibaki. Therefore when you turn on my personal property, that stops been a national issue and now it becomes a personal issue. I will fight and protect it at whatever cost! lets not personalize things and take the law into our own hands.

Two wrongs do not make a right now we see the third wrong

When someone for example takes something that is rightfully yours, there are mainly ways of dealing with it. You can decide to fight over it or simply go look for another one somewhere else. In the case of a country, it cannot be that simply put but the basic principle still apply. This is not the first time that there has been an election dispute. In 1992 Matiba claimed that Moi rigged him out but there was no war. In 1997 Kibaki went to court with 91 counts of election fraud, but again no war occurred, instead Kibaki together with the other opposition leaders promised to come up with a strategy for 2002 elections that would not fail. Why is there post election violence this time, is it really about the elections or a deeper hatred? Looking at the bible, two great examples stand out of people who have been robbed of their rightful belongings. The first person was Jacob. Jacob built three wells, but what the people of the land came and fought over the ownership of the wells. Jacob just moved on twice digging a fresh well until he dug the third well whose water was sweeter and purer than the other wells. The moral of the story… well if I know that I can start something from scratch and build it to completion and you come and claim its yours. I will just move to build a new one because I know I have the skill to build it. The thief steals basically because he can’t build it and chances are he cannot maintain it, so when I leave I know the thief shall collapse with what I have built and die with it. I just move on…

The second story is when King Solomon was presented with a case of two ladies fighting over the ownership of a child. Solomon decreed that the child be cut into have and the real mother knowing that that meant death to the child and both of them loosing, she decided let the fake mother have it. Moral of the story if two people are in a fight say for a seat and in the process of the fight you realize that you might fight and destroy the very thing you are fighting for then its preferable for one party to have the thing than both of you loose it because someone with reason will ask; then why did you fight in the first place if what you are fighting for ceases to exist.

Since the country of Kenya is much more complex than the two examples above, we as the populace, who are now killing one another as Kibaki and Raila hold talks with the rest of the M.Ps earn their salaries, need to find a hybrid solution to the problem. In deed if the elections were rigged, then the solution is not to kill the Kikuyu. That does not solve the problem that the elections were rigged. Two wrongs don’t make a right! worse still if I as a kikuyu get my family member killed, it does not now mean I get a Luo, Luhya, Kisii or any other tribe and kill them. That does not solve the problem that my family member was killed. Three wrongs don’t make a right! We are all annoyed for one reason or another one the election was rigged and my brother was killed but we must control our anger

We have overcome the political meltdown lets now prevent the social meltdown that’s taking place

We must stop sending letters of eviction to our tenants and neighbors. Good friends from various tribes are now avoiding one another. Death threats are been spread by various persons. We must go against this grain. Let us control our anger! Look at Kisumu. The Luo burnt down everything in their anger of the ‘rigged’ elections and now have no food and other basic commodities. They are now begging for assistance. Anyone who starts a fight historically always looses in the long run so let us not retaliate. Let the Law take its course and imprison all those who killed your kinsmen. Don’t bare the hatred because Very clearly the biggest losers of this retaliation will be the kikuyu retaliators themselves. Why? Firstly, you have already been chased out of your home and investment which you may have accumulated over a period of 20 yrs. Secondly you are the current targets of the violence with everyone else targeting to kill you. The fact is that you are innocent and as long as things remain that way, when the rest of the country comes back to its senses they will ask for forgiveness and restore you back even offering to help you get your business and land back. everyone knows that the problem lies with the politicians and not the general populace and truth will always prevail. When you retaliate this what happens. You loose your innocence thus justice cannot fight on your behalf. You breed the real tribal hatred which will not be based on a flawed election process but on real individual issues. The open hand that you had received over the years to invest and partner with other tribes will never exist again and thus you will loose opportunities to invest; confined to central province only where land is limited. Eventually even though it will take 50 yrs someone else will take control of the political seat, that person will execute a real genocide. Let us learn from Rwanda. My solution, remember the story of Jacob, you have the skill to build another well just build it. We did the same in 1990,1991,1993,1997 during the tribal clashes and we can do it again. Chances are the old well will collapse under mismanagement and you will be re-invited to repair the well so don’t fear. If you asked me this is what I genuinely think. The elections should have been allowed to take place without interference. If Raila won, he should have been let to take control of the presidency. Chances are what is happening today (ethnic cleansing) would not happen as its happening today and even though it would happen, the kikuyu would have the public sympathy. Look at History. The Ugandans chased out the Asians and the economy collapsed, today President Museveni is going out of his way to attract them back by offering huge tracks of gazetted forest land and even military escorts to entice them to invest in the country. Look at Zimbabwe, they chased the whites and the economy has collapsed. When President Mugabe gets back to his senses he will invite the whites back offering even bigger favors than any other country would. Back home in Kenya President Moi during his regime took away many businesses from the Kikuyu and tried to kill their economic power but eventually started to partner with them and in fact looking at Eldoret town composition before elections, Moi allowed the Kikuyu to thrive even more. The situation that we have now is temporary and that for sure even though Raila would have been president. The Kikuyu would still thrive because the bible says a man reaps what you sow. Most Kikuyus are hard working and cease and create opportunities even where they don’t exist. That can never be taken away from them! We do not need the seat of the presidency to thrive because we thrived even during the Moi regime.

A message for the rest of Kenyans (sorry to go tribal here but its necessary for illustration take it as such not prejudices) learn from history

During world war two the Germans and the Japanese decided the only way they could change the world social order was through war. Hilter wanted to rule the world so as to gain control of the world’s economic resources. He was very displeased with the way the partition of Africa had gone with Britain and France taking almost everything while Germany with only a few colonies. Moreover Germany at the time was under the hands of the Jews so to change things, he declared the war. Initially all went well but when Russia and the U.S joined in things started to look bad. Japan tried its best in destroying the U.S but one must remember that in every war the people who have the economic resource prior to the war always win eventually, Britain and the U.S together with Russia (an unlikely ally) overcame the Germans. For over 30 yrs Germany was under the direct rule of foreigners with its country split into two. As for Japan, it was in smoke but listen to this …… everyone else (a tip for life the rest of Kenya, a secret to live by) Listen to this….. Japan vowed never again to fight a military war and disbanded its army. Instead it vowed to overtake the U.S economically and started to work extremely hard. They collected everything American and started to imitate them making it cheaper and later better. Today Toyota motor company is the second largest Car Company (the hallmark of U.S Industry) in the U.S and the biggest in the world. That’s what I am talking about! Germany devoted themselves to science and technology and are today the world leaders in the field of medicine and engineering making the best car brands in the world (the Americans stuck to their ugly looking metallic box like fuel guzzlers and thrive on trade embargoes to sell their cars of which Toyota is going to change that). Not only is Germany a leader in medicine and engineering, their economy is larger the economy of Britain and France combined! Amazing! So back to Kenya, the way forward to bring economic growth to the other tribes in Kenya is not by killing the Kikuyus and chasing them out. That’s primitive and leads to nowhere. The way is to make a commitment to work twice as hard and invent and create and sell and overtake economically the kikuyu that you so hate! (rhetoric). We must admit, that because the Kikuyu seem to have more business prowess than anyone else in the country, they are not superior. All they are is more exposed due to their adventurous spirit and richer due to some historical facts outlined later in this letter. This does not mean the rest of the country cannot catch up. This does not mean that for example the Kamba who are normally referred to as dumb or the Luhya normally referred to as watchmen or the Maasai or any other tribe are truly incapable of catching up. These are just tribal lies and every person in this country is as capable as any other. Every Kenyan has the right to invest anywhere and be as prosperous as any other. That’s why I was very pleasantly surprised to find a Boran woman, having invested heavily in Sekenani, a small town at one of the gates of Maasai Mara by the same name becoming the richest person in that town! Already the Kenyan Germans (as I refer to them)- the Luo are the best in the area of medicine and motor repair, they need to work even harder to become far better in every other area like engineering, accounts etc. anything where systems, order, precision and attention to detail exist. I am yet to know who the Kenyan Japanese are; and advise the rest of the tribes not to be jealous of the Kikuyu and think killing them will make them gain the economic resource. Instead they should learn, imitate, reproduce and make cheaper what the kikuyu do just like the Kisii did in the matatu industry. Lets be smart here. The Kisii know to speak kikuyu but the kikiyu don’t know kisii, who’s smarter should I go on…. Understand this, the white person came to Africa to colonize and brought in new and mysterious technology, the Asians being the closest to the Whites watched, learnt and imitated the whites and soon became like the white man (in fact today they are less than 100,000 of them in Kenya but they control over 60% of the economy) the Kikuyu, whose homeland was next to the white mans capital watched and learned (by sending their children to British universities in 1920s) and imitated the whites (by making the home made gun and speaking English in the same accent as the white man) and today, they are like the white man. Any other smart person would do the same and send their kids to school work harder, imitate and also become like the white man! Having the economic resource like the land, buildings etc does not mean prosperity look at the Maasai and all the land they have what have they done with it! You need to be able to manage that resource and that where Zimbabwe have failed. They thought by taking over the white mans farm, the milk and crop would naturally yield itself. They thought that the dollars in export will continue to flow, Wrong you need to manage the resource not just own it and to do so you must go to school, learn from others, imitate, and where you don’t have the skill partner to make the resource yield a profit! I would love to see a Kenya where people compete in business, politics etc using skill and not might so that we can build a better Kenya imagine how fast Kenya would develop! Bravo to Raila for competing and outwitting the PNU camp in the elections campaigns. All I ask for is let the game be fair if you loose, accept defeat no need to grab anything by force! Be it in business or politics. This is the progressive Kenya I see. One unified, with great internal competition in industry and trade such that the country grows so fast to overtake the rest of the world! That’s the Kenya I want. Where we compete and if I loose, I accept defeat and learn from my mistake and compete again, improving every step… Twaweza Kenya, Yes Kenya we can! we were just steps away from a super burst creativity, growth and innovation before the elections and before our two political leaders decided to fight over the presidency. What happened to all that! Today, all we see is one camp clinging to the seat and another camp fighting for it; in the process, we the people- the grass killing one another. What happened to reason? To all Kenyans I ask what happened to reason!

Now I make this call – A call for reason for our country Kenya

Kenya is much better off as a single unified country under a dictator than a country at war. Ask Somalia.

Those who start war (or any other injustice) normally hope that a temporary state of violence is will be effective in bringing about change. But even the experienced military strategic planners do know, at times things do go wrong and out of hand. Take the case of U.S invasion of Iraq. They planned to be out of Iraq in six months and now years have passed on and they still don’t know what to do about the situation. Any Somali citizen will tell you the days under Said Barre were far better than now. People take the basic freedoms for granted like the freedom of movement, the freedom of association and right to life which in Kenya are protected by the government represented by the coat of arms and not the presidency. We must understand that the government is a system in which various under which organs serve. The military and the police, the legislature, the judiciary, the civil service all serve to protect the coat of arms and therefore we cannot let one arm of government cause a total meltdown. People don’t simply know that when the flag of Kenya stops to fly up high and the coat of arms ceases to exist signifying a collapse of government, your ID or identification as a person ceases to exist and your status and rights become similar to a goat which, cannot decide for itself its own destiny nor seek protection. Under a state of war, there are no human beings, just wild animals seeking for survival. There is no law and the devil, the leviathan reins. There is utter destruction, desolation, absolute disorder and death whose blood is offered up to its ruler the devil who grins with pleasure at the incense of blood and pours out that blood back to the people to drink it and bath themselves in it. Thereafter, the devil vomits out fire and hell signaling the end to create zilch. That’s why in war people eat each others flesh and cut open the wombs of pregnant women to eat up the baby. So bad is a state of war that civilized countries have even tried to create law in a state of lawlessness and pass conventions on the conduct of war to try bring order in such circumstances. Even a court in Hague has been set up to try victors and losers of war and to bring about a punishment for those who violate war conventions. No man in this right state of mind wants war.

If Kenyans could only realize the power of numbers

Firstly Kenya’s population is made up of 37 million persons. Of this number slightly more than 10 million voted which is 30% of the people. This political madness and acts of violence are been caused by persons not numbering more than 200,000 persons. It is strange thus that people not numbering more than 200,000 people one side can cause all the madness we are seeing and shape the destiny for the over 37 million people.

Lets change the tide because we have the numbers.

Firstly, I think the media is totally wrong to focus on the groups of 200-300 youths under the journalistic principle that news that sells is sensational, bad or unusual and instead focus on acts of kindness and love. A good start point would be to show the suffering of the displaced persons so as to draw empathy. A real hot news story in such times and by any journalistic standard would be to show persons going against the grain. For example “A kikuyu lady feeds and shelters a Luo injured man in Kibera”. or “Going against the odds - Kiprono fights off raiders to shelter Lucy Njeri a 12 year old girl in Eldoret”. We know that these stories are there and the media is simply not looking for them. Such stories are likely to sell the station far much more than the repetitive stories of “Five men hacked to death” and “10 families rendered homeless”. What such stories have done is helped build the tribal hatred and caused a sense of fear and panic in the populace. At one point I had enough of these stories and took a holiday to Tanzania just to get out of the madness and think from out side the box. My experience in Tanzania was opened my mind to see the bigger picture. I learnt that while Kenya is fighting, Tanzania is growing at 10% and probably 15% this year as Kenyans and investors in Kenya relocate to the country. Soon Tanzania will be a bigger economy and at the current trend I too might be headed there, not as a highly valued visitor but as a mkimbizi (refugee) unwanted and undeserving.

The second thing that we, the 30 plus million people can do is go out of our way to talk to the few killers and victims and preach peace. I know that each one of us irrespective of tribe is less than five telephone calls away from the Kalenjin raiders who are killing the kikuyu and the Kikuyu men who are taking revenge for the killings and the landlords who are posting eviction orders. We are all less than five calls away from the Luo in kisumu and in kibera who are striking and destroying property. All the people involved in this madness are within our reach and we can contact them if we try. How? Simply go through your phone book and you will see you have a number of a friend from the concerned tribes. That friend or their friends will definitely know someone involved in the madness. You can talk to your friend to talk to them or take courage and overcome your fear and talk to them yourself. You can show love by inviting you close friend from the concerned tribes for tea or breakfast and pick not the most arrogant of them but the ones who you are so close to and you will always trust you. By showing love to them they to will stand up to tell the killers that I still know one good Luo or Kikuyu or Kalenjin. And not all of them deserve to die. We can cause a change and stop the Social Meltdown that’s taking place. You may say that you don’t have the power to but I now that anyone who receives this email has in one way or another an economic or social influence on the people involved in the violence. Even in the areas where little communication exists, you have the opportunity to visit your relatives back home and speak to them to stop the violence. Maybe you were not convinced before but by now I hope the information above has convinced you to take a step. Make that step to not sleep another day make the step now.

Over and above just speaking to them make a point to visit or invite to your house a person from another tribe and especially the concerned tribes. I since the elections have not changed any of my friends irrespective of their tribes. More so I have even made the point to particular visit a very good friend of mine, a Luo who I had not seen fro two months prior to the elections. I have also met a Kalenjin friend who has just arrived from Eldoret where all the death is taking place and she is as affected as I am by the madness. I am now contacting another Luo friend who lives in Kibera and hope that we can meet in town. Not to discuss politics and say who is wrong or right but to share the friendship that we have always had and possibly pray together for our country. I hope that as we meet I will be able to find a way in which I can help and to understand the real issues. I will then take him to Kikuyu friends of mine who know him and see their reaction try re-establish the friendship where possible. I know that if only 100,000 of us could do the same so much would change. If we could refuse to tolerate the hate speech been passed by our friends and family and instead make friends with the opposite camp then things would change. Please for heavens sake realize that Kibaki and Raila are not enemies and they even share business together. It doesn’t make sense for us to hate each other for their sake.

Once we start to interact with each other, I hope that we shall begin to understand the real issues in this violence. Strangely, like in any other fight, the real issue is never what starts the fight- in this case the elections. All through last year I traveled all over the country and since am involved in community work I have interacted with the people deep in the interior. I may not know all the issues but I can point out some that are making the Kikuyu to be the targets of not only the Luo but everyone else. I will explain this historically from the rest of Kenya’s stand point.

In 1800s the white man came to Africa in three groups, the missionaries, the explorers and then the imperialists. You might ask the relevance of this but please read on…. They looked independent but in Europe all had been pre-planned. The European knew that if they came to Conquer Africa while the Africans were still primitive they would have to fight so much and face massive opposition. Secondly, since they came to find a source of raw materials for their industries and a market for the same industries. They knew that they needed to educate the Africans so that they could later buy their goods after robbing the raw materials from them. So to educate them, they needed first to tame them from their animalistic tendencies where war was a hobby ( I guess also it was natures way of family planning). By introducing Christianity, they would be able to do the following. Educate the African on the value of European goods under the pretence of helping the African read the bible. They would also be able to make the African turn from their traditional culture by branding it evil and thus make him adopt the European way of life. Hence the Christian names and the wearing of clothes in this extremely hot climate. Finally they would pacify the militant behavior of the African making it easy to conquer them in the future. Its interesting to note that the Missionaries and the Explorers were at many times the same people hence my suspicions that they could have been sent to come before the imperialists to make the way smooth.(since they were preaching the gospel it was easy for them to penetrate the people and view the wealth of the land) after they were sure that they had converted the Africans to Christianity, the Europeans then started to partner by signing treaties with the Africans a good example is the one with Lenana, the Maasai leader. The Africans trusted the Europeans and thought they knew to read and write they barely understood the contents of the treaties. Later when they saw the Europeans come and dig their land and chase them off due to a piece of paper, the Africans decided to fight. The first tribe to realize this game was the Kikuyu due to their closeness to the city. They had been previously so amazed by this white person that they even sent their children to go learn in the white mans land. The first to arrive back to Kenya realized the game and before they good influence their people to fight against the Europeans they got involved in the first and second world wars. After the war, two camps were formed the Kenyatta camp that believed in peaceful means to get the land back and the Mau Mau camp that believed in war. The Kenyatta camp was the more educated camp that realized that it was impossible to fight against the might of the Europeans so decided to become better than the Europeans in what they did and get the land back. They also realized that despite the fact that the Europeans had taken the African Land, there were some useful things that Europeans had brought to the Africans. The Mau Mau Camp were less educated and since they were x- soldiers and had learned to make the gun they wanted to kill all the white men and rid them off the country. Am not too sure which camp truly led to the independence though both camps were effective in their own way.(the Mau Mau were only effective because they only killed 30 Europeans but each one of the Europeans were influential and at the core of the problem, the colonial regime. Kenyatta was effective because he used the media and allies from the European camp to fight for the cause of the African. Which I think was more effective). In the end, I think the Europeans knew that they had the power to destroy all Africans. But they asked themselves what they would gain from that especially in terms of a market for their goods. They knew eventually, Africa would rule it self and opted to give political independence to the Africans but maintain economic independence which is what originally brought them to Africa. Today, Kenya claims to be a sovereign state but totally economically dependent on the west. Today the White man is out but a new colonial force has emerged in the eyes of the rest of Kenyans- the Kikuyu (rhetoric). To illustrate this, I continue with my historical narrative. At independence the white man was ready to give back the property to the African but wanted to ensure that the African that he gave the property to would be able to manage the land and resources in a similar fashion to the European; not like the ‘salvages’ did in the early 1900s. Kenyatta on the other hand needed to give the land to Africans who could manage the white property in a way that would continue the advancement of the African person. Unfortunately at independence most of the African elite were the Kikuyu and thus they ended up taking most of the land and businesses that the whites left (in some cases the Whites offered to sell the property and the ones who could afford to buy the property were former African students from European universities again, mainly Kikuyu). In cases where the Africans were unlikely to manage, the whites stayed on and later transferred their assets to the government, which, by the 1970s was mainly run by the kikuyu elite. Also since the kikuyu land was also taken by the Europeans and now the kikuyu are not enough to fit in their original pre colonial land due to their increase of their population, they were resettled on idle land now owned by the government, in other parts of the country commonly referred to as settlement schemes. In the view of the Kikuyu it was a rightful reward for fighting for Uhuru hence the name Matunda ya Uhuru. Unfortunately it was used as an excuse for the elite at the time to amass land and wealth for themselves. The actual Mau Mau fighters did not get any land. The kikuyu were also not the only people involved in the fight for independence, the Kalenjin, the giriama and many others were involved too. Its also strange that I have not yet had of other settlement schemes which were awarded to other tribes. If they are please enlighten me.

This was the start of the new social order.

Today the same story continues to take place. For illustration purposes I give the story below.

A rich kikuyu man, (let us call him Mike) goes to Kitengela to buy a piece of land. Mike meet the owners of the land who are mainly uneducated old Maasai men drinking in a bar. Mike decides to join the Maasai old men who happen to be very friendly and acquaintances from the livestock trade where the Maasai sell their cattle to the slaughter house owned by Mike. They drink and drink and drink all the more. Soon these old Maasai men are very happy and ask Mike what he wants. Mike replies that he has come to buy land. “How much many do you have” the Maasai men ask. “100,000 ksh” Mike replies. Since for the Maasai 100,000 is a lot of money and now they are great friends of Mike. They agree to meet the next morning to meet and start at point A and walk until where they will get tired and all the land in between will be worth the 100,000. For the Maasai old man that land is only less than an eighth of the land he owns and since he is ‘selling’ the land to a friend it doesn’t matter; his cows can always graze on that land. Later Mike goes with the Maasai men before the chief to confirm that the land is now his. Since where Mike comes from you must have a title deed he obtains one from ministry of lands. The Land now actually now measures over 100 acres. What a bargain! much more than Mike expected and since it’s a willing buyer willing seller agreement there is nothing wrong. Mike seats down and asks himself what he can do with this land. After a meeting with a few friends they decide to form a land buying company and sell the land at 40,000 an acre to members of the company. Soon houses start coming up on the land and the Maasai man starts wondering what is happening. Well he is not too worried since his cows can still graze on the empty sections but soon later every where is built up cutting his land into half and reducing his grazing land. Worse still when his cows ‘stray’ into one of the compounds to eat the green and manicured grass, he gets arrested. Soon a drought comes and he begs for food from his new neighbors who hardly know him and treat him like a vagabond. Hungry and annoyed he asks himself how his friend to whom he gave land to could invite these monsters on his land (since to him he never sold the land originally but only gave in exchange of a gift) with dead cattle and no food and thankless ‘invaders’ on his land he picks up his arrow to fight of the invaders.

The same story is true in most parts of the country. The kikuyu have now became the new colonial masters taking advantage of the ignorance of the local communities on law and business to gain control of their land, business, food, schools and hospitals and almost everything. “But that’s okay we can tolerate that and we have for a number of years. But now you want to take even political control from us. That’s too much for us to take. We must fight.” The rest of Kenya has resolved. The election was the last straw to a ‘wrong’ that has started at independence, the last nail to the coffin. Unfortunately most of us are too polarized to see the truth in this issue and thus solve it. On one side the kikuyu their say it is just business. The Europeans do the same to the Asians, the Asians do the same to the Africans, and the Africans do the same to their fellow Africans. It is just capitalism. That’s the new social order- capitalism.( this is not to deny that most kikuyu businessmen who have become wealthy out of genuine non exploitive business) On the other side the rest of Kenya are saying “but look this is exploitation of the ignorant for self gain. Its not fair and must change and we want to change it by force by preaching the anti kikuyu gospel”. Is any camp right? I wonder, especially if the two camps cannot see things from the other persons point of view and are been led by persons who have not intermarried, had friends with, schooled in, traveled to and thus having limited and skewed exposure to people of the other camp

I think the solution to this problem is very difficult to find. To solve some things means changing the whole ideology that governs modern life. Some are pro capitalism and others are pro socialism. Today we have other experiments that mix the two systems have not worked e.g Christian democrats, social democrats, labor movements, green parties and the rest. This is because man himself is naturally selfish and looks into his own interest first before another. Man will also look for any reason to thus differentiate himself from another and thus justify why he should gain first before his friend.(that’s why Somalia is made up of one tribe yet they are still killing one another) the only solution to the problem is to live by a religious principle of loving another as you love yourself. More practically in Kenya, we must stop looking for reasons to divide ourselves into camps because even families will be cut into half. We must look for reasons to unify ourselves under the national flag of Kenya, the coat of arms and the National anthem and think about the interests of another. In order to achieve this I have the following suggestions

Since the current fighting has been caused by a fight of economic resources and how to share them I think that we need to change all the institutions that have caused the imbalance. I think the political stalemate creates a very suitable environment to create an interim government that would last for 6 months and open the door to start a constitutional debate that will solve all the historical problems and chart a way forward. Those who participate in this constitutional debate must not look into their own current interest but think beyond their life span which is not more than 50 yrs, and into the future generations. Like in the U.S in the 1770s the founders of America thought about America and not who would become what or gain what. This constitutional debate should include the seating members of parliament and other representatives as appointed by a 150 M.P majority vote from special interest groups. Once these officials are appointed, they should then start with a truth session in which all the historical problems of the country will be brought to the surface and noted down. They would then discuss ideas on how to solve the problems and their after vote with the same 75% vote to pass their recommendations into law. After they finish the discussions they would then call for a fresh election under new laws as set by the team.

Members of the public should also be allowed to vote on each section of the new constitution clause by clause with the team making amendments to the clauses until it is acceptable to the public. The public should be free to air their suggestions for things to be included

Other suggestions.

Firstly, I would recommend that the powers of the president be reduced and especially on the areas of the appointment of the chief justice, the Attorney general, the chairman of the electoral commission, the head of the civil service, the military generals and head of the police and the speaker of the national assembly. Since all this departments are meant to be different arms of the government then the appointment should be made by the elected representatives of the public who are the M.Ps on the first week of parliament. These institutions would then be given their independence to operate except for the military who should be under the president. I would then call for a separate post for the head of the executive whose role would be to appoint ministers and run the executive. This will ensure all the heads of government arms will be independent of each other and thus act as checks on each other.

Another important reform that I would mention for now is on electoral conduct. I would recommend that from now on two major parties be formed with strong manifestos and with different ideologies. The current M.Ps should then be asked to join these two parties based on their ideologies (its expected that this two camps will have arisen from the constitutional debate prior to the elections and thus each camp would want to enter power to make amendments to the constitution passed prior to the elections. These two parties will be enshrined in the constitution and room for the creation of other parties should be allowed. These two parties other than having separate ideology must also have actual representation from all parts of the country including the creation of special seats for various interest parties e.g In its leadership it must have its chairman from this part of the country and its deputy another part each having a country wide support of at least 100 persons from each ward in the country. The same principle would apply for all senior elective posts. The law should also make it criminal for all political aspirants to use their tribal base as the main block to win seats in the two parties. Also the law should make it criminal for aspirants to make any form of references to their opponents on tribal lines and get automatic disqualification if any of their supporters up to the ward level makes any tribal remark about their opponents. I would also make it illegal for all persons in the country to use their tribal language in any public place for any purpose. And strengthen the use of English and Swahili as the two languages of communication in any public place. I would then recommend an election code of conduct be set

In respect to land, I would enshrine the fact that any Kenyan should be free to live and invest in any part of the country and draw up the basis for any land transaction to take place based on valuation done by a committee to determine the right price of land all over the country.

In respect to business, I would set up rules of trade and business registration and ensure that any business with three or more partners should not have its members from the same tribe and must have one member from the local community who should own a minimum of 20% of the business (this is the same case for foreign investors seeking to invest in Kenya). I would also ensure that more than 50% of all employees in any business in any part of the country should be local inhabitants which by definition meaning having a lineage of over five generations inhabiting the land. The same rule would apply for senior management posts. Why do I think this law is important? Well, today there are many able persons all over the country who can manage any business concern unlike at independence where such a law would require the investor to look for unqualified persons to join the management. This is one way of ensuring equitable resource sharing just like Kenya does on an international level. The government can then continue to increase the funds that go directly to constituencies like the CDF to bring about uniform development.

On a Final remark I must state the in order to open a kiosk, plant some vegetables etc no political leader is needed to help you, All that is needed is the creation of an enabling environment. No politician will come and save you and lead you out of poverty. You must work hard and earn from your sweat which is a natural law. Don’t ever expect to reap where you have not sown. I always get annoyed to see very productive land lying idle waiting for the politician to develop it. That will never happen. It has not happened since independence and will not happen ever! Most people think because the Kikuyu have had the presidency they have all greatly advanced but that not true. They each work very hard exploiting business opportunities. When they see and empty land they buy it and plough it and later sell the produce. That’s hard work and not politics. I think the idea of passing a law on idle land would be good to teach Kenyans to use their land usefully.

Remember it is easier for the politician to convince his populace to vote for him when they are poor and ignorant. He can disappear for 4 yrs and come with 10million shillings to buy out his constituents. That’s a lot of money for rural folk! Let us mature and get out of that game that the politicians play on us, using us as pawns for their own selfish gains. Lets learn to work hard, use every resource we have positively (starting with the empty land back in ingo), come together into groups (Saccos, land buying companies, investment clubs, women groups etc) to discuss development and not politics and build this nation

As Kenyans I truly believe that we can stop these mad, unwarranted killings and forgive one another and forge together to build a one unified country. We can overcome the social meltdown currently taking place and work and live together as we have always done. Kenya is much bigger than any of us. We can be the agents of change. Twaweza Kenya, Yes we can!

Yours

Magu Nguru

Twaweza International

Email:twawezakenyaleo@gmail.com

www.twawezakenya.com

I look forward to joining other groups that share the same vision for Kenya. I also look forward to your comments not matter how subjective they might be. That’s part of the healing process. You can also share your experiences on all that has happened since the announcement of the results and your hopes and dreams about Kenya. Lets share the information we have and restore the dignity of our country as I close with the words of the national anthem.

Oh God of all creation

Bless this our land and nation

Justice be our shield and defender

May we dwell in unity, peace and liberty

May plenty be found within our borders.

Amen!

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No Clear Winners after âSuper Tuesdayâ

2008-02-10T15:00:00.001-08:00

After Super Tuesday neither the Democrats nor the Republicans have a clear winner and the battle goes on to the next round. Elections were held in 24 states to determine presidential nominees for the major political parties.

The democratic presidential campaign has Clinton from New York as the first woman to have a realistic chance to win the presidency, and Barack Obama as the first African-American. Both candidates are appealing to different constituencies with totally different leadership styles. While Obama is trying to create a social movement in the nation, Clinton is willing to unify the country with a common purpose.

The democratic race to the White House is definitely in an amazingly tight. At the end of last week; Clinton was ahead with 1,045 to Obama's 960. However, the election train has not stopped yet in Obama’s territory; moreover, his ability to energize the people and pull new voters is one of the most intriguing aspects of the race. There are many African-Americans, affluent voters, students, and independents that haven’t have the chance to vote yet.

Both candidates’ are doing their best through the campaign appearances. Actually, both were already scheduled to address tonight's Jefferson Jackson Day dinner at the Siegel Center. Obama also plans to hold a town hall meeting in Roanoke on Monday morning while Hillary Clinton scheduled an event in Manassas in tomorrow’s afternoon. On Monday, she will address a class on politics at the University of Virginia.

Clinton has also accepted a half hour televised interview on WJLA-TV, the ABC-affiliated station in Washington as the same time as Obama is expected to appear on a separate interview.

On the Republican side; McCain is coasting towards victory after Super Tuesday primaries; he won nine states, including California, New York, Illinois, Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey and his hometown Arizona. Republicans need 1,191 to capture their nomination. Former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney had 244 and Baptist minister Mike Huckabee was on 187, according to the tally.

The battle for the top spot will have it next stop in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, follow by Hawaii, Washington, and Wisconsin next week. The last part of the campaign will continue in Rhode Island, Vermont Ohio and Texas on March to end June 7 with Puerto Rico.

Julie Smith is one of the most recognized copy writers on Sports Betting and currently writes for Instant Action Sports. Feel free to reprint this article in its entirety on your site, make sure to leave all links in place and do not modify any of the content.

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Create Your Own Roadmap With Yellow Pages India

2008-02-07T15:00:00.000-08:00

Starting out on your own in a completely new place is not an easy task but the current trend sees more and more youngsters flying the nest to make a life on their own. It can be difficult if you have moved into a new city with no known people around to help you set up your place. You have to depend on the neighbors and sometimes even complete strangers to help you find your way around the city. However, this is obviously not an ideal situation and it would be best if you had a personal guide to tell you about the important whereabouts that you might need during your stay in the city. Certain essential addresses and contacts would be the regular grocery store, a medical store, a hospital, the police station, restaurants and even movie theaters. Well, now you have a personal guide that can provide you with the address and contact numbers of any utility centre or manufacturer that may be wanting in any city in India and that is the yellow pages India.

The yellow pages India are a compiled database that provide the user with the contact details of every manufacturer registered with them and that too absolutely free of cost. The service is also available over the internet and is provided by certain websites who have taken the effort to compile such information for the tremendous benefit of their registered users. You simply need a computer and an internet connection to find out about any location in any Indian city and it is a definite method to ensure that you never feel lost again. So, now whether it is finding the closest grocery store in your neighborhood or locating a theater that is playing your favorite movie, it is all there in the yellow pages India.

Even if you are a single woman working in an unknown city or perhaps an aged couple staying alone, there is no need to feel helpless as the yellow pages India ensure that all you need is just a call away. Also, individuals who may not have a ready access to the internet can access the services of such a compiled database through their mobile handsets. The service is provided over the phone through a simple short messaging service format. All you need to do is send a sms to a short code and you shall instantly receive the information on your phone.

Relocation has become a common feature these days with everyone on the look out for better opportunities in their climb up the corporate ladder. However, the discomfort and fear of a new place can be completely laid to rest, thanks to the yellow pages India. Now whether through a hard copy, internet or mobile phone, you are always connected with the outside world. Move around the city with complete confidence as no place in India is now far from reach only if you have the ready database of compiled contact details within your reach.

Amit Bhalla works to help all those who want information about the latest and the best, most happening places in the city. To know more about Free tarot ,Feng Shui career, Restaurants of Pune,property dealer india, Yellow Pages India, Movies in Delhi, Local Search India visit www.myquest.in

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Adding Background Music in MySpace

2008-01-22T15:00:00.001-08:00

MySpace members can generate a website quickly through templates. These templates enable users to create a generic website in very little time. Adding Background Music in MySpace. The majority of websites on the Internet do not have background music. This may lead many novice MySpace members to believe adding music to the background is a difficult process but it really isn't. In fact MySpace makes it incredibly simple for members to add music to their profiles.

The steps to add music to a MySpace profile are as follows:

• Log into your MySpace account

* While logged in visit this web address: http://music.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=music

* Listen to the music available and select a suitable song for your profile

* Click on the link that says "Add" below the song title

* The music is then automatically added to your profile

Clicking the "Add" link on a second song will result in the original song being replaced on the profile by the new song. Songs can be removed from a profile at any time by going to the "Edit profile" section of your account and entering the "Profile songs" subcategory. Here you have the option to remove your chosen song.

Adding Videos to MySpace

Adding videos to MySpace is also not as difficult as it seems. Even those with no HTML skills can add videos produced by other members or even their own videos to their MySpace profile.

The steps to add a video to your MySpace profile are as follows:

* Log into your MySpace Account

* From your MySpace homepage, click on the "Add/Change Videos" link

* You are then taken to another webpage where you can either search through a database of previously uploaded videos or upload your own video

* To search the database, click on the search videos button and browse through the available videos

* After watching a video you can add the video to your profile in a couple of ways. First you can click on the "Add to my profile" button or you can copy the source code provided and paste this code into the desired location on your profile.

Alternately you can add your own videos to your MySpace profile by first uploading them to MySpace and then adding them to your profile. When uploading a video care should be taken to ensure the video does not violate the terms of service.

More MySpace Tips Please Visit MySpace Tips

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Ways To Earn Money Online; Earn At Home; Work Part Time / Full time or Just for Few Hours /Minutes;

2008-01-17T15:00:00.005-08:00

1) Earn Money By Taking Online Surveys.

Surveys - A "Survey" is defined as our opinion on a particular thing. Lot of companies are in need of public opinion on their product or website. For Example - We can see their website and rate them or give our suggestions to modify. For this simple process , the company will pay us for our valuable suggestion and time.

Take Surveys and get paid . World's #1 survey program which provides you $6.00 Welcome survey waiting for you. Huge payouts. If you are interested in earning money - Please join. Sign up is completely free. All the Best.

Link - Click Here For Free Sign Up

2) Earn Huge Money by Viewing (Seeing) Ads.

Earn money by seeing ads - View an Ad for 30 seconds and earn money online. Sign up process is completely Free. Get huge sign up bonus. You will be grtting paid to click. One of the best opportunity. All the best.

Link - Click Here

Regards :-

Kiran Kumar

E-Mail - hyderabadkiran@gmail.com

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How to Make Warhammer Modeling Flock

2008-01-17T15:00:00.004-08:00

Spending almost $200 of your budget for a modeling flock is too big just to produce a 4' x 4' grassland gaming board. Is always be a problem you will face in making a gaming terrain but this will not be a hindrance for you to experiment on what decision to undertake. Because you want to work on a small budget this is something you had get over.

Doing research on Yahoo or Google on how to create a modeling flock or by just simply asking a friend who knows how to create one. That can lower the $200 to a $10 or less. But be sure to watch and read on the instructions for they will cause you problems in the results of your modeling flock. You should admit that making your first modeling flock will not be that easy for it will not produce similar to the modeling flock that cost $200. You should not be afraid to try every thing every possible way to have your modeling flock be the flock you want.

Without further delay the content of this article is the detailed instruction on how to make a modeling flock.

Step 1 - Get Your Materials Ready

Here is what you’ll be needing:

-a container to mix it in (we use a gallon sized ice cream container)

-a cookie sheet to dry the modeling flock on (don’t use new ones, your mother / wife won’t be happy)

-a tube of green paint (in the picture it shows a tube of blue paint and a tube of yellow paint, but we found it easier to just get a tube of green paint)

-water

-a stirring stick

-sawdust (that’s right, modeling flock is just dyed sawdust!)

-a fine strainer

The tubes of paint that we use are 4 U.S. fl oz, or 118 mL. We buy them at the dollar store for $1.

You can get the sawdust from any lumber mill that near your place. They should be more than happy to hand over a garbage bag full free of charge. If not, then just find someone you know who is a carpenter.

Take note that the sawdust should have been made from sanding, not from cutting wood.

Step 2 - Dilute The Paint

First you will need to dilute the paint that you are going to use to dye the saw dust. The amount of paint that you water down will determine how much flock you will make.

You will discharge the entire 118 mL tube of green paint into the container and then fill the container 3cm (about 1 1/4 inches) full of water.

WARNING: If you water down the paint too much your flock will be brown.

This is the common mistake which will end up with ugly stuff and waste. Even though it started out a nice green it will end up an ugly brown, which was useful only to be used as dirt and not grass. But we are going to create a grassland so better careful.

Mix the water and paint with a stirring stick. You can use any typical stirring sticks that you get from the paint stores, but you can really use anything that you don’t care getting stained with green paint.

(Important Note: The colour of your flock will be slightly browner than the green paint that you mix, so choose a colour paint that is slightly brighter than your desired modeling flock colour.)

Step 3 - Add the Sawdust

The next procedure is to add the sawdust on the paint. First add a small amount just to turn the watered down paint mixture into a compact sludge. Then continue adding more and more sawdust until it is mixed in well with the paint.

The easiest way to tell when to stop adding sawdust is when you add a bit more and it is very hard to mix in (i.e. it is hard to get rid of the brown sawdust). This is the point where you should stop.

Warning: If you stop sooner your flock will not be fine enough.

However, don’t expect your flock to be as fine as the Games Workshop version at this point for they already perfected the mixing of the paint and the sawdust. That will come sooner or later.

Once you have finished mixing the flock you are ready to move to next step.

Step 4 - Spread Out Your Modeling Flock to Dry

You will now need to spread out the modeling flock to dry. You can use two cookie sheets to dry out the amount of flock made with your desired proportions.

In spreading out the damp modeling flock it should be evenly as possible, then put it in a cool dry place and not be hit by strong winds for 24-48 hours. Make sure it is completely dry before proceeding to the next step, or else you will not get the same quality results as what Games Workshop produces.

Step 5 - Screen the Modeling Flock To Make It Finer

A fine strainer with a small openings you will have in doing the last step and that is to screen the modeling flock through it. There may be bunches that are just too hard deal with. You should really work if this happen until you cannot screen a dust from it. This will not be garbage cause it can be use as a mossy rock on another models.

MiniWarGaming.com provides useful tips and tricks on creating Warhammer terrain, Warhammer 40K terrain, and more. Read more of these tips and tricks in our fully illustrated MiniWarGaming site by visiting http://www.miniwargaming.com

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How to Make Warhammer Modeling Flock

2008-01-17T15:00:00.003-08:00

Ways To Earn Money Online; Earn At Home; Work Part Time / Full time or Just for Few Hours /Minutes;

2008-01-17T15:00:00.002-08:00

How to Make Warhammer Modeling Flock

2008-01-17T15:00:00.001-08:00

Ways To Earn Money Online; Earn At Home; Work Part Time / Full time or Just for Few Hours /Minutes;

2008-01-17T15:00:00.000-08:00

Making Profits Building Successful Forums

2008-01-16T15:00:00.004-08:00

"Forums form the foundation for online interaction for users having similar hobbies and interests. Users can have their queries solved by consulting with other members of the forum. Forums can act as an ideal marketing tool for your business. It helps you to learn and realize the new avenues available for your business through the constant interaction with other members. Creating a forum persona can help you in the long run and you can use it for promoting your online business.

You can include various things in your forum postings that can help you with the traffic generation for your website. They are as follows:

• Use signatures: No matter how many forums you plan to join, always include your signature. Your signature adds a more personal touch to your profile. You can include your contact information in your signature so that your potential customers can get back to you.

• Don’t always talk Business: It is advisable that you don’t indulge yourself to sell your products or services constantly through your forum postings. This could act as a huge turn off for the other members as it would make you sound like a desperate seller. Try talking about your interests with the other members and participate in online debates. This would help you to know more about your fellow forum members and in the process, they will also get to know you.

• Include a forum in your website: There is no better way to direct the Internet traffic to your website than hosting your own forum for your online business. Once the users are aware of your business and they start using your products and services, they need an interface through which they can communicate with you in case of queries about your products and services. In order to attract people to your forums, many web-based companies offer the facilities of paid forum posting. Using these facilities, the company provides you some writers for the daily postings and some current topics, which could make a hot discussion for your product or services. This way, it is always assured that your postings are constantly updated. That means the users always have something new to discuss in their postings. This would increase your website popularity and increase your online traffic. In addition, when users are searching by inputting keywords for the various products and services, your website would be displayed among the top results since your postings are updated frequently. The benefit of including a forum in your website is that you don’t have update your content regularly. That’s because your forum posters are doing it for you. If you have the proper resources, you can build many communities catering to your customer’s interests. They could include various topics of interests like politics, fashion, games, cars, bikes, etc. The more communities that you include in your website the more popular your website can become.

• Use links: Linking could be a lot profitable with regards to increasing the website traffic. When you post regularly on the forums include your URL so that it can take the other members to your website homepage. Including a link to your website in your profile page is also a good idea to promote your business.

The web forums can be used successfully to generate traffic to your website which in turn can help to promote your business. Besides, the only drawback of a forum is the amount of time that it takes for building one which can easily be solved with the help of various software that you can download from the Internet.

Ryan Chua is a professional IT and Online marketing consultant for the past 5 years. Ever since running his own traffic and profit generating websites, he has been teaching others how to do the same for their own online endeavours. For more information, visit http://www.ForumSecretsRevealed.com"

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Chat rooms for teens

2007-11-09T15:00:00.003-08:00

One of the common things any teen wants these days is Internet chatting. Internet chat is a great way to meet and make new friends from all over the world. Chat rooms for teens are interactive entertainment spots on the internet. There are chat rooms for teens designed specially to cater to their age and interests. To chat with another teenager the first step is to become a member. A chat id and a password have to be created. Then a profile is posted on the website. Teens from any corner of the world can chat live with another teen with the same interest, hobbies and concerns. They can share their views, comments, etc. There are different types of chat rooms for teens. Each room caters to a specific interest of its members. In each room the teens chat either about the latest movies, music, football, favorite author, favorite singer, favorite actor, etc. Chat rooms for teens are also classified according to the various regions, communities, religions, languages, etc. These kinds of chat rooms for teens help to communicate and relate to a particular group of teenagers from different backgrounds.

Chat rooms are a great place to hangout and have fun and spend time. Respect the other teen’s views. Steer away from cyber-fights. Chat in a friendly manner. Before sending private message (PM) to someone in a chat room, first ask for their permission. If they are not interested, do not harass, but move on. Some popular chat rooms could be highly populated. Always welcome the newbie teen in a chat room and do not be rude to them, as they will not be sure how to behave in a chat room. To cut down on the typing time, many teens have started using abbreviations like BRB (Be Right Back), LOL (Laugh Out Loud), LTNS (Long Time No See), etc.

To chat safely on the internet, the teens should protect themselves from online predators. Identifiable information like real name, address, phone number, school, private email address, photo, etc should never be shared among the users. They can control who sees their profile. If a teenager is planning to meet one of the chat friends, first the parents have to be informed. Then meet your friend at daytime in a busy public place. Most of the chat rooms for teens have a ‘help room’ where troubles makers can be reported. An annoying chat member can be blocked from chatting, by clicking on the ‘ignore’ button.

Chat rooms for teens are mushrooming all over the internet. A teen web browser can have a friendly chat with other like-minded teens. Some websites offer voice-chats and web-cam chats. Many teenagers have found friends, with whom their interests can be shared. Chat rooms for teens are social network which have served as a platform for bringing together teens of various interests.

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How to Post on Forums Effectively

2007-11-06T15:00:00.004-08:00

There are a lot of great ways to drive traffic to your website and many of those tactics are absolutely free. In my experience, two of these strategies stick out from the rest. Between these two approaches, virtually any webmaster can build massive traffic to their website over a period of time. They are (1) posting on forums and (2) article marketing.

Posting on forums is the most immediate way to get traffic to your website. You can literally sign up for an account and put some posts on various threads and you could have traffic coming to your website an hour later. This article will look at a variety of details you should keep in mind when posting on forums. As always, there’s a smart way to do this and a less smart way. Our goal is to use the smart way.

The first step is to identify the forums you want to contribute to and I recommend doing a few Google searches with your primary keywords and the word forum. This will quickly identify the large forums in your area of expertise. And if the forum is coming up high on a Google search, it’s probably getting a ton of traffic and that’s exactly where you want to be. Be creative and use a variety of different keywords to ensure you find all the big forums you can contribute to.

Once you’ve created an account on a forum you’re interested in, be sure to spend a little time every single day contributing to the various threads. Posting a contribution to a thread can take as little as a minute or two so you should easily be able to post 6 or 7 in about 15 minutes. Now, don’t post anything unless you have real value to contribute. But assuming you have something valuable to say, you could build up hundreds of posts on a particular forum within a few months. And each of those posts is another way for someone to find your website.

The number of posts you’ve contributed to the forum is usually posted right beside your contributions and a large number of posts adds credibility to your future contributions. First, try to get over 50. Then 100. Then 500. And then 1000. As you accumulate more posts, the other people spending time on that forum will give you more respect. They’ll know you’re a regular contributor and an established member of the community.

When you’ve established some trust with the other forum contributors, start your own threads. This is a great solution to the fact that your contributions to other threads can quickly get lost in the mounting replies. If your post is number 17 of 32 total replies, most people will miss your brilliance as they scroll down to the bottom. Instead, you can start your own thread so your message is always sitting right there at the top. It virtually guarantees that anyone reading the thread will notice your piece of it.

It’s also worth noting that threads get pushed down the list as other people respond to other threads. Every time someone contributes to a thread, it puts that particular thread back at the very top, and that’s where all the traffic is. So if no one has contributed to your thread in a while, that might be a good time to log on and post another comment to your own thread, pushing it back to the top of the pile.

These are all little games you can play, always looking for ways to stay in front of as many people as you can. Visit Tactical Execution for a lot more information on precisely these tactics; simple things you can do to augment your exposure on the internet. Please take advantage of the resources available there.

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American Culture

2007-11-04T15:00:00.004-08:00

The vulgarity of the debate in America prompts another frustrated, self-
important dope to spit into the mix and call it a worm pit. Do we need
another person presenting issues from an extreme point of view? As the
politicians leaning towards socialism and those who claim to be conservatives
lean towards liberalism and no one can live with each other over the
airwaves, America languishes in apathy that's created from prosperity. The
blur of sources of vitriol range from main-stream news sources, to
documentaries, to actors, to the web and more. Each source tries to outdo
the others in its extremity, fanaticism and outrage. Bar none, these sources
are promoting an agenda or tied to partisan money that engenders them to
bend the truth, which muddies the water.

Now, along comes wormpit.com and a proudly vulgar look at the issues of
today. When was the last time you heard headlines like "Children Die Trying
to Evolve Wings," or "Catholic Priest Pays to Watch Nun Cat Fight"? Sure, it's
entertaining to hear someone say things you wish you had the guts to say,
but where do you draw the line? Perhaps the indiscriminate skewering of all
different groups is the result of no allegiance except to God and the
founding fathers.

Wormpit.com seems to have few lines. The writer, a mystery of some secret
government service, hits the muslims as hard as the republicans as hard as
the catholics as hard as the blacks as hard as the homosexuals. It's difficult to
categorize the point of view except to say that it is entirely anti-victim and
anyone who takes that role. Four-star generals are fair game, as two of them
have played prominent roles in recent articles, and politicians and Hollywood
types are frequent guests in the cutting satire. Wormpit.com seems to take
pride in treading heavily on the pop culture and political correctness of our
day, and yet there are things to learn from the insights. "70% of black
babies are born to single mothers." "What if the Iranian President ran for
President in the U.S. as a Democrat?" and "How Hollywood is Fighting
Republican Spin and Sensationalism."

In America, there is a belief that the Democrats and Republicans are not that
much different from each other and that together they are not that much
different from our founding fathers and the original vision of our country.
Wormpit.com looks at our world today like an observer watching monkeys in
the zoo and exclaiming, "THOSE MONKEYS ARE NOT LIKE US!" Interestingly,
the differences still have to be explained, and that is what wormpit.com
does in brilliantly clear language. If you are someone that believes that
monkeys are just like you and I, then you will not appreciate hearing that
you should test that theory by letting one watch your kids. If you are
someone that believes that the laws of the U.S. should be interpreted using
international standards, then, as womrpit.com might say, "You are right.
Monkeys are no different than you."

Though the state of the culture in America is like a wormpit, the spit from
wormpit.com may be so the author can wipe the mud away from the lens
and clean it off for all to see.

http://www.wormpit.com

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The Indian trading community in 19th century Mauritius

2007-10-31T16:00:00.022-07:00

THE ASSERTION THAT THE INDIAN TRADING COMMUNITY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SHAPING THE COLONY’S FORTUNES DURING THE 19TH CENTURY.

To be able to have a broad view of the Indian Trading Community and the role played by them in the colony’s fortune some questions need to be answered. For example, who were the Indian traders? What were they dealing in? Were they sole traders? How did they fare vis-a –vis the European Traders and later the Chinese retail traders? What was their role in this budding society? Had their role had any impact on our society?

With the abolition of slavery and the arrival of the Indentured labourer in 1834. The trade with India knew a sudden rise. The merchants who were already trading in the Indian seas started coming to Mauritius. Why? The Indian firm established branches in order to take advantage of expanding commercial prospects. Firms that were based in Indian port as well as in Mauritius actively bid for contract for the transport of the Indian. The British and the Indian firms were both involved in the recruitment of contractual labourers and in fact they had already had experience during the French period as a Free Port as the trading links between Mauritius and India trace back to early days of colonization and were often accompanied by migration of forced indentured or free immigration. With the beginning of the century and the very quick expansion of the coolie trade, there was rapid expansion in trade with India. Total imports from India increased constantly and later the exports would also increase. This enhanced exchanged between British, India and Mauritius was without doubt the coolie trade, as Indenture immigration would deeply modify the demography of the island. The feeding and clothing of the immigrants would favour commercial transaction with India, but the transport of the Indian from Indian to Mauritius was an even greater business. Hence, since the onset of the coolie trade. For instance during 1870’s sugar from Western Indian Ocean Region was imported in Mauritius and re exported to Australia, U.K and Cape of Good Hope. By 1880 Continental India was among the first partners to receive goods from foreign origin from Mauritius. Re-export trade in 1885 and it rose to 10% in 1890 and 16% in 1895. Meanwhile 8% of the export to India in 1880 consisted of re-export groups and 14% in 1895 and 1900, 50% of the total imports of Mauritius originated from India and the volumes of transaction increased over the 2nd half of the 19th century. The number of ships joining Mauritius expanded between 1850 and 1860’s (introduction of steamers). The size increased due to steam vessels and greater volume of cargo could l be transported and the trade with India was done by Cossigny system. A number of all sailors and retailers ordered a varied quantity of specific goods from agents who then export these good against a commission and the agent had business partner in a Indian port city. These agents would charter the ships from their owners and exports would go through the same channels.

Indenture immigration would deeply modify the demography pf the island. The feeding and clothing of the immigrants favouring commercial transaction with India..

There was great competition to bring the Indian labourer with adequate supplies foods and clothing. On the other and there would be export of sugar to India which would open new prospects . In the ninteenth century half of the trades of the island was carried out with India

Who were the Indians and in what were they trading? The Indian Trading Community was not an homogeneous one but consisted of several castes and communities. They settled in the island. Either on a temporary basis or a permanent one. The Gujrati and muslims were of the caste of the Mehmans and the Sunni Surtee. They made up the majority of the Traders and settlers. The Farsi and the Chettiars also participated in the trades.

By 1840 around 25% of the local import originated from Indian Sub-continent consisting from basic food items like rice, dholl, wheat, barleys, edible oil, salt, fish, spices as well as a variety of other products furniture tobacco and opium and simultaneously few locally based Indian firms imported few volume of articles on consignments. We have the example of a Gujrati speaking Parsi who had a company which was responsible for the major part of this trade as he was the agent of 17 ships and most of them transporting Indian labourer as well as cargo. Simultaneously several firms has established connections with the Arabian Seaports. Mobility was even higher in the case of Indian Company some company started as branch of other company and later on operated under the traders own name.

However later with the economic boom of 1850, prospects expanded and a number of firms started operating in Port Louis The Indo Mauritian trade would evolve towards a concentration in favour of a few large firms of British or Indian extraction and with the elimination of small operators during the second half of the 19th century . In certain cases the Indian ended in Bankruptcy after the owner’s death.
Thus there would be elimination of small operators and the Gujjrati would invested in land market and plantation with sugar mills. The Gujjrati would emerge as major economic agents in the 19th century. Whether directly or indirectly they would act as principal financers and stock brokers

How did the Indian Trading Community fare in competition with the British companies? Navigation act of 1815 was abrogated in 1851 by Britain which had severely restricted the arrival of ships of foreign nationality in British Port. With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the emergence of the steamers the journey was made shorter and extension of regional network and rise in transaction, however, the ships carrying capacity increased both in passengers traffic and cargo. Though many ships bore Muslim name some of them were British’s ship for example Athieth Rohoman (Rostom). The Arab barks (3 masts) had the Arabs as masters while the British Ships whether from Britain or India had British Masters. The British masters were supported by a small team of British and European officers while the sailors were Hindus and Muslims. In 1840 the ships linking Mauritius in Indian ports were of small tonnage varying from 193 and 465 tons and they were mainly of British construction and ownership and having the British names. There were firms like Rogers, Scott and Company and so on. Regular lines were established with the Indian sub-continent. However, most of the vessels linking India to Mauritius were chartered specifically for the Indo- Mauritian trade. In 1840’s tonnage was around 193 while Scott and company mostly chartered vessels for the VISL Co on the other hand we had the Muslim traders like Sulliman who usually chartered steam ships belonging to Cassim Joosub of Bombay. They seem to be partner as they were jointly owner of one steam vessel named Steamer Ackbar of 1441 tons. In 1885 the ship steamer TAIF, 2100 tons, was brought by Haji Cassim Joossub. Thus if much of the most lucrative part of the trade were controlled by the British the part left to the Indian trading community allowed them enough space for expansion and development provided they wanted to invest and take risks.

How did the Indian Trading Community in competition with the Chinese community who had monopoly over the retail trade. Retail shops had the important role of supplying the labourers with goods of first necessity, the shops were located in the main sugar estates. This prevented the labourers from going to Port Louis Most shops on the estates were to Chinese. The objective of the colonial government was to establish a retail trade that would service the laboring class, As for Chinese they provided the laboring communities with goods at very cheap price. Though the Chinese form a responsible class of shopkeeper they undermined the trades of the Indian Trading Communities, for the Chinese were in direct competition with them as they would prefer to buy from a Chinese grocer rather than an Indian one. However, many Indians overcame these obstacles by working as hawkers roaming from villages to villages.

If there is any assertion of the Indian Trading Community’s role being important then there would be the question of whether their role was most prominent in the transport of the Indian Indentured labourer or their role was most prominent at the time of the ‘Grand Morcellement’. Certainly the Gujrati firms had invested large sums in immovable property especially in the town at the time of the ‘petit morcellement’. In the last decades of the 19th century with the ‘Grand Morcellement’ there was increased investment in plantations by taking control of the estates or indirectly through loans or advance on crops. Companies like I.M.Sulliman and Ajum Goollam Hossen directly owned several sugar estate with factories in the 1890’s. Some of them took charge of recruiting workers from India and transport them in their own ships to work on the estates in Mauritius. The Gujrati firms participated in the lucrative business of buying estates from bankrupt owners parceling them out and selling them to former indentured workers. This led to the emergence of a new class in the society the small planters community.

Another great accomplishment on the part of the Indian Community was the invitation given and to the Mahatma Gandhi and his visit in our island which would lead to the arrival of a Gujrati lawyer from Bombay Manilall Doctor. ‘The Hindustani’ a newspaper that Manilall Doctor would start with the help of Tamil’s powerful elite in the country, would serve to help in the uprising of political consciousness in the Indian community.

However, the Indian Trading Community in contrast with the small Chinese trading community despite their number and their vast resources available do not seem to have had great impact on the development of the island, their actions seem to be restricted to small spasmodic reaction to opportunities at a certain period, over a given number of time. There do not seem to have been coordination between the different members or even cooperation like in the Chinese, Franco-Mauritian or even British Trading communities and also there does not seem to have any medium or long term planning.

It should be understood that the Indian Trading Community were from the Elite class which mean that they perhaps differentiated themselves away from the coolies who were of the lowest class. Their role in the transport and in the provision of the indentured labourer were pure commercial and it was not in their interest to try to change things however, they have played a major role in being by their privilege position the stimulus to aspiration of indentured labourer to aspire to the desire of becoming small planters which led to the creation of a small planters’ community and later to help the Indian community in greater political consciousness have helped this community to stand on its feet which later led to the independence of our nation.

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The Malouins and privateering

2007-10-31T16:00:00.021-07:00

The ‘Malouin’

These great rich cargoes attracted pirates and the merchants and proprietor of ships had to put canons on their ships and they had to put cannons on their ships and they had to make their staff learn the military skills as far as the guns and protection of ships and goods were concerned.

In 1688- 1714 there would be constant fight between England and France. St Malo by its geographical position was in the center and the fishermen would change from fishing to ‘ privateering’ and they are going to attack English ships in “La Manche”. At the time when they started getting a percentage commission from the king. The engulf in … in their field. It was the attraction of the easy money - The equipage received 1/3 of the ship and its cargaison . The objective is not fight but the capture of ships with less damage and richer ships. It was a strategy of attracting an isolated ship than a group of ships. The ships which were carrying more rich good were most well guarded . St Malo would become an important market for exotic, tropical goods coming from Asia and Africa from English ad Dutch ships which k they had captured. This double facets in money and tropical goods would encourage them to arm their ships with log and short arms and started going further.

The Malouins arm directly in Peru where they go to look for ‘Piastre’. The Malouins are important for France and it was with this Piastre that the state could keep fighting against the English and Dutch. What allowed France to established its military powers and this activity would be purely Malouin. They are going to fill their ships with goods from Bretagne and Normandie.

In 1809 St Malo became a link between and a big market between France and the oriental India. During conflicts in the end of 17th century the Malouin would take the place of the compagnie Francaise des Indes Orientale to continue the work of the company backed by the Royal Monopoly. That’s why they were found in all the important points in the history.

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Soviet union policies regarding language corpus planning

2007-10-31T16:00:00.020-07:00

Language planning in the Soviet Union

The policies regarding language corpus planning throughout the extensive territory under the Soviet Union has been marked by an incoherence and inconsistency mostly dictated by the politic of divide and rule.

Given the vast state of which the Soviet Union was composed with very high divergence in its population regarding nationalities, languages or variety of languages, language planning proved to be a very sensitive issue. In order to prevent the formation of large blocks, the government had imposed a policy of Russification, where Russian acted as a Lingua Franca. This was done by promoting regional languages. There were deliberate imposed attempts to stress as many differences as possible among the various languages of the area. Hence, local and regional languages were actively encouraged and the use of Russian legitimized.

So as the as to cut the Muslim people of the Central Asia off from Arabic, Turkish and the Persian influences Cyrillic script was imposed ad extended to nearly all the languages of the Soviet Union. Moreover, Arabic, Hebrew and German were banned from state support.

However, when the Soviet Union collapsed, Yougoslavia presents itself as a good example of problems faced by this Russian societies, which had previously formed part of the Soviet Union Block regarding language problems in population showing great diversity in religion, etnicity, origins and language itself.

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Forum Interfaces and How it Helps Activity

2007-10-31T16:00:00.019-07:00

"Forum Interfaces basically refer to the tools and utilities available in a forum software package, which allow users of your website to share their views and experiences with each other.

They play an important role in building a vast user community on your website by allowing users to select their specific areas of interest while sharing news, views, and experiences. If it were not for the interfaces, your forum would have become a vast dumping ground, making it difficult for users to select their favorite topics of discussion.

In the absence of a proper interface, your forum’s content will be no different from in-organic content such as generic web pages and blogs that users generally loathe and try to avoid.

Forum interfaces offer a wide range of benefits, the most prominent being the increase in general user activity on your website. You see, forum interfaces are designed as such that they allow users to get their message through in the easiest possible manner, something that automatically leads to increased activity.

The easy to use features are a great help because they make it possible even for a layman to share his experiences with others. This in turn, naturally brings in more traffic to your website.

Moreover, by providing options for inserting hyperlinks, images, graphics, and audio/video clips in the message itself, forum interfaces allow users to use their creativity to their fullest, something that naturally creates interest and stirs up the general user activity on your website.

You see, people in general are more receptive to images and sounds than they are to words and sentences; and since forum interfaces allow users to make full use of the former elements, it makes sense as to why more and more users have now started using forums to voice their opinions.

If you are still skeptical, you can look at search engines results, which more often than not point to forums rather than just websites or blogs. In effect, we can say that forums are fast becoming the most preferred medium of communication amongst Internet users.

Now that you understand the correlation between increased user activity and website traffic, it is all up to you to make available the best forum interface to your website users.

Buying the latest forum software may be a good way of doing that, but if you do not want to take the risk of investing top dollars or do not have adequate resources, it is recommended that you try other available options that might be more cost-effective. For example, using freeware or shareware is a good way to get started in the right direction. As your business grows and as you get to earn more profit from your online business, you can then think about investing in a fully loaded forum software system, having all the necessary add-ons and interfaces.

However, since a good forum software is just one of the factors and since it certainly does not represent all the variables that determine user activity on your website, it is recommended that you first develop a thorough understanding of the intricacies involved.

There are many ways of doing that, but if you are willing to follow the instructions of a highly successful webmaster (yours truly), then just click on the link below. You will know what all you have been missing all these years. Trust me!

Ryan Chua is a professional IT and Onlne marketing consultant for the past 5 years. Ever since running his own traffic and profit generating websites, he has been teaching others how to do the same for their own online endeavours. For more information, visit http://www.ForumSecretsRevealed.com"

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